Severely endangered languages of this country include Griko (in both Calabria and Salento), Gardiol, Vastese, Toitschu, and Molise Croatian. The Vatican city. 3500 years old) Greek 1450 BC (circa. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. 1.000.000 di parlanti stimati (erano 1.269.000 secondo le stime basate sul censimento del 2001). The official language spoken in Italy, however, is Italian. [31], However, more than a half century passed before the Art. They include Italian (second most spoken language in Argentina), Quechua (mainly spoken by Bolivian immigrants who settled in Northern Argentina) and Guaran (mainly spoken in the province of Corrientes). This dialect is also known as Walser German, and is not mutually intelligible with Swiss or Standard German. Percentage of people in Portugal who speak the languages below as a mother tongue or foreign language. Which language is most similar to Italian? Like Italian, it is very closely related to Latin. Other Languages Spoken in Italy Griko. When I plunge into a new language, I always endeavor to learn the words and phrases that reveal something about cultural attitudes as well as a few words for local dishes. This dialect was used by the upper class and by writers of the Florentine society during the 1100s. Ancient languages of the Italian peninsula, Constitutional Court of the Italian Republic, Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, "Letture e linguaggio. Today, Portuguese is spoken by 232 million native speakers in countries like Brazil, Angola, Mozambique, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bisseau, and So Tom and Prncipe. What are the top 3 languages spoken in Rome? These include Sicilian, Neapolitan, Sardinian, and more. It is linguistically close to Tuscan and Standard Italian . The dialects, in fact, differ on several levels: at first you can hear the difference in pronunciation, but its easy to notice also many other differences in vocabulary and in syntax. [45][46], Italy is a signatory of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, but has not ratified the treaty, and therefore its provisions protecting regional languages do not apply in the country. Italian is the native language for Italy, but around 29 percent of the population speaks English. From Michelangelo, Leonardo Da Vinci, Galileo, Thomas Aquinas . The Parliament thus appointed a "Committee of three Sages" to single out the groups that were to be recognized as linguistic minorities, and further elaborate the reason for their inclusion. There are also Italian minority languages such as Albanian, Greek, German, and Sardinian. This language has between 40,000 and 50,000 second language speakers and belongs to the Hellenic language group, under the Italiot Greek sub-category. It is the official language of Italy, San Marino, and Spain. Read Also: Five Love Languages By Gary Chapman. [43] For example, the institutional websites are only in Italian with a few exceptions, like a French version of the Italian Chamber of Deputies. [33], Before said legal framework entered into force, only four linguistic minorities (the French-speaking community in the Aosta Valley; the German-speaking community and, to a limited extent, the Ladin one in the Province of Bolzano; the Slovene-speaking community in the Province of Trieste and, with less rights, the Province of Gorizia) enjoyed some kind of acknowledgment and protection, stemming from specific clauses within international treaties. Russian 154 Million Native Speakers This may be widely accepted or used alongside more traditional written forms: Officially recognised ethno-linguistic minorities of Italy, Regional languages of Italy according to Clemente Merlo and Carlo Tagliavini in 1939, Percentage of people in Italy having a command of a regional language (Doxa, 1982; Coveri's data, 1984). All the languages indigenous to the island are recognised and promoted as enjoying the same dignity and standing of Italian in their respective linguistic areas. Foreign Percentage of people in Italy who speak the languages below as a mother tongue or foreign language . English (1,452 million speakers) First language: 372.9 million. In addition to being the lingua franca of . Although its not an official language in Italy today, around 1-2% of Italian citizens speak it natively. Then, we can find approximately 34 regional languages or dialects and some linguistic minorities as, for example, Albanian, Catalan, German, Greek . 7 Notes. As the language of Italian emigrants, Italian has spread widely worldwide. In fact, they estimate that you just need twenty-four weeks (or 600 hours) to acquire basic fluency. Foodies will be delighted to know that several dishes in Sicily and Sardinia are only served at certain times of the year due to ingredients availability or cultural traditions. The official language spoken in Italy, however, is Italian. For the regional varieties of the Italian language specifically, see, Regional recognition of the local languages, harvcolnb error: no target: CITEREFMaiden1997 (, Albanian, Slavic, Greek and Romani languages, Mother tongues of foreign citizens in Italy, AIS, Sprach-und Sachatlas Italiens und der Sdschweiz, Zofingen 1928-1940, With some 1,6 million speakers, Sardinia is the largest minority language in Italy. Portuguese is by far the biggest major language spoken in Brazil, with around 97.9% of the population using it as their primary language. The English language follows Portuguese as the second most common language in the country. Toitschu is a dialect of Alemmanic and is spoken throughout the Piedmont and Aosta Valley of Italy. Vastese is so rare that it is only spoken by the inhabitants of the town of Vasto. Farther south, in Abruzzo, Basilicata, Calabria, Puglia, and Sicily, isolated linguistic communities persist against the odds. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. By clicking any language or country, you can easily explore which languages are most widely spoken in European countries, which countries are most fluent in a language, how language knowledge has changed from one generation to another, and compare mother tongue speakers to foreign language speakers. Molise Croatian. Mandarin Chinese, Hindi, Spanish, and French round out the top five. Italian 97.41% English 13.74% French 8.46% Spanish 6.56% German 2.06% Basque 1.04% Arabic 0.65% Croatian 0.43% How did Romans talk? Because of this, the Griko language is considered a living artifact of Magna Graecia. The majority of languages often labeled as regional are distributed in a continuum across the regions' administrative boundaries, with speakers from one locale within a single region being typically aware of the features distinguishing their own variety from one of the other places nearby.[6]. Italian 97.41% English 13.74% French 8.46% Spanish 6.56% German 2.06% Basque 1.04% Arabic 0.65% Croatian 0.43% Is English spoken in Italy? But beyond Italian food and famous artists, how much do you know about this interesting and beautiful tongue? Around 50% of population speak a regional dialect as mother tongue. Table of languages significantly similar to Italian. English English is the second most popular language in Italy with around 34% of people speaking it as a second language. Local languages are still occasionally written, but only the following regional languages of Italy have a standardised written form. In previous articles, we took an in-depth look at the Sicilian and Neapolitan languages. No surprise there. That makes it the third most common native language in the EU. Italian is Milan's official language, spoken by everyone. Quizzes . It's the sixth most common language spoken in the world as well. UNESCO identifies as many as 31 in Italy between different types of Italian dialects and foreign languages. According to Ethnologue, Italian is 21 on the list of the world's most widely spoken languages. [42] In fact, the discrimination lay in the urgent need to award the highest degree of protection only to the French-speaking minority in the Aosta Valley and the German one in South Tyrol, owing to international treaties. Sardinian is not actually a dialect, but rather a distinct language, closer to latin and preserved almost unvaried over many centuries, thanks to Sardinias isolation from the rest of Italy. The third group consists of the Southern dialects and the Extreme Southern dialects . (1) Pare nost, che t'ies en ciel Father our REL you-are in heaven Another variety of Rhaeto-Romance spoken in Italy is Friulian, which is the largest with 500,000 speakers. It is considered a Romance language and is more closely related to Latin than any other Romance language. Since 1934, Minister Francesco Ercole had excluded in fact from the school curriculum any language other than Italian, in accordance with the policy of linguistic nationalism. 2, comma 1).[7][36]. Given Italy's rich and complex history, Italian culture is made up of a massive and diverse array of art, architecture, religion, fashion, family and of course, food! Of these languages, Sardinian belongs to its own group within the Romance languages. In fact, the famous author Dante Alighieri is often given credit for standardizing the language. Chances are youve probably spoken at least a little bit of Italian today, whether you were aware of it or not. Ever heard a word in Nahuatl? [16], Twelve languages have been legally granted official recognition as of 1999, but their selection to the exclusion of others is a matter of some controversy. First of all, it is important to clarify that there are more than one hundred dialect variations across Italy, but those with similar characteristics have been classified into groups. One incredibly important thing to keep in mind as you learn various Italian dialects is that almost nobody elseincluding Italians themselvesmakes a concerted effort to do so. The nominated people were Tullio de Mauro, Giovan Battista Pellegrini and Alessandro Pizzorusso, three notable figures who distinguished themselves with their life-long activity of research in the field of both linguistics and legal theory. Which one would you learn? It is considered an indigenous language and has been influenced by Catalan, Byzantine Greek, Spanish, Italian, and pre-Latin languages. Toggle Foreign languages subsection 5.1 English. For example, Tuscany is one of Italys most famous regions for its wine and hospitality, but its also home to several minority languages, including Sardinian. For example, as you travel through southern Italy, where does Neapolitan end and Calabrian begin? 'Middle Italian' (Marche, Umbria, Lazio). Percentage of people in Italy who speak the languages below as a mother tongue or foreign language. Albanian is spoken by 0 . On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Percentage of people in Italy who speak the languages below as a mother tongue or foreign language. Griko, Arbresh and Franco-Provenal are recognized and safeguarded (Legge regionale 5/2012). 6 of the Italian Constitution was drafted by the Founding Fathers to show sympathy for the country's historical linguistic minorities, in a way for the newly founded Republic to let them become part of the national fabric and distance itself from the Italianization policies promoted earlier because of nationalism, especially during Fascism. Is Italian hard to learn for English-speakers? Italian language facts. Albanian, Catalan, German, Greek, Slovene, Croatian, French, and many others can be found in a variety of regional languages and dialects, as can linguistic minorities such as Croatian, Albanian, Catalan, German, Greek, and The Italian language should have been spoken over 1,500 years ago. Sicilian is unofficial but recognised as the regional language (Legge regionale 9/2011). They can be divided into Romance languages and non-Romance languages. Albanian communities in two dioceses and one abbey in the Mezzogiorno practice the Eastern Orthodox rite. The Latin from which it derives, however, is not literary Latin, but vulgar Latin, namely, the set of variants of the Latin language spoken by the various populations of the Roman Empire. That is, they have the same root as languages descended from Latin, and some speakers could make themselves understood to each other in certain situations. How many languages does Italy speak? () I grandi Stati nazionali europei si sono andati costituendo, a partire dal secolo XV, sull'assioma di una vincolante identit tra Stato-nazione-lingua. The language may be endangered by todays standards, but that doesnt mean you cant make an effort to learn more about itSardinia is one of Italys top vacation destinations, thanks to its beautiful scenery, stunning beaches, and world-class cuisine. It has been estimated that less than 400.000 people, out of the two million people belonging to the twelve historical minorities (with Sardinian being the numerically biggest one[12][8][13]), enjoyed state-wide protection. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Most linguists avoid the whole question, but when they do dare to distinguish the two, its usually concerning levels of mutual intelligibility, which is itself a fraught concept. Italian is the official language of Italy, and 93% of population are native Italian speakers. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". It is spoken throughout the Campobasso province of Italy by the Italian Croats population. top 3 languages spoken in italy Posted by on May 21st, 2021 The other immigrant languages of note are German (400,000 speakers), Yiddish (200,000 speakers) and Catalan (174,000 speakers). Though Brazilian Portuguese and the Portuguese spoken in Portugal are mutually intelligible . Here is a list of all 34 languages spoken in Italy: Albanian, Arbresh Bavarian Catalan-Valencian-Balear Cimbrian Corsican Croatian Emiliano-Romagnolo Franco-Provenal French Friulian German, Standard Greek English (34%) French (16%) Spanish (11%) German (5%) Other regional language (6%). Italian language, Italian Italiano, Romance language spoken by some 66,000,000 persons, the vast majority of whom live in Italy (including Sicily and Sardinia). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. According to the linguist Tullio De Mauro, the Italian delay of over 50 years in implementing Article 6 was caused by decades of hostility to multilingualism and opaque ignorance. Dont Miss: Text To Speech Computer Voice, Also Check: Freedom Of Speech Norman Rockwell. The other languages with more than 100 million native speakers are Spanish, English, Bengali/Bangla, Hindi/Urdu, Arabic, Portuguese, Russian and Japanese. Kindly check below the most in-demand foreign language is in demand in India in 2023. Italian 97.41% English 13.74% French 8.46% Spanish 6.56% German 2.06% Basque 1.04% Arabic 0.65% Croatian 0.43% How many languages are there in Italy? An interactive visualisation of language knowledge in Europe, based on the latest Europe-wide survey of languages in Europe by the European Commission. It was the official religion of the Italian state from 1929, with the signing of the Lateran Treaty, until a concordat was ratified in 1985 that ended the churchs position as the state religion, abolished compulsory religious teaching in public schools, and reduced state financial contributions to the church. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The following five linguistic areas can be identified:[68]. It is the official language of Andorra and is also spoken in small regions of Italy (such as in the city of Alghero in Sardinia) as well as in France (in the Pyrenes-Orientales area in Perpignan). What are the top 3 languages spoken in Portugal? Venetian is either grouped with the rest of the Italo-Dalmatian or the Gallo-Italic languages, depending on the linguist. Italy has a rich and diverse linguistic heritage. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. [48], According to the UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger, there are 31 endangered languages in Italy. The European Union uses Italian as one of its 24 official and working languages. Languages of ItalyEnglish (34%)French (16%)Spanish (11%)German (5%)Other regional language (6%) TOP 10 Things to do in ROME Do they speak English in Rome? 1. However, there are a number of other languages spoken in Italy, including Albanian, German, Greek, Slovene, and Sardinian. On the rest of the island, around one million people, or 1.7 percent of the Italian population, speak Sardinian. Art. Mandarin. Based on linguistic, historical as well as anthropological considerations, the experts eventually selected thirteen groups, corresponding to the currently recognized twelve with the further addition of the Sinti and Romani-speaking populations. [35] The original list was approved, with the only exception of the nomadic peoples, who lacked the territoriality requisite and therefore needed a separate law. In certain Occitan-speaking parts of Piedmont, Italian is the official language, Occitan is spoken at home, and the Piedmontese dialect is used in trading relations with people from lowland areas. According to Ethnologue, Italian is 21 on the list of the worlds most widely spoken languages. German is spoken by around 0.4 million people, and is concentrated in the Alto Adige/South Tyrol region of Italy. The region considers the cultural identity of the Sardinian people as a primary asset (l.r. What are the national languages of Italy? It is considered a separate language and not a dialect of Italian. Italian has its roots in the Tuscan dialect of the Italo-Dalmatian subgroup, which belongs to the Indo-European language family. So whats the actual difference between a language and a dialect? Some interpretations of said law seem to divide the twelve minority languages into two groups, with the first including the non-Latin speaking populations (with the exception of the Catalan-speaking one) and the second including only the Romance-speaking populations. You May Like: What Coding Language Does Unreal Engine Use. Italy is located in Western Europe, where it juts out into the Mediterranean Sea. and Why We Should Care, Pasquale speaking Materano and Italian | Romance languages in Italy | Wikitongues, What Language Was The First Bible Written In, What Coding Language Does Unreal Engine Use, Does Blue Cross Blue Shield Cover Speech Therapy, Constitutional Court of the Italian Republic, Where Is Freedom Of Speech In The Constitution, Best Speech Pathology Graduate Programs In California, the region promotes, without recognising, the Occitan, Franco-Provenal, French and. What are the top 3 languages spoken in Italy? 6 della Costituzione (), Camera dei deputati, Servizio Studi, Documentazione per le Commissioni Parlamentari, Proposte di legge della VII Legislatura e dibattito dottrinario,123/II, marzo 1982, Hull, Geoffrey, PhD thesis 1982 (University of Sydney), published as. Many dialects are mutually unintelligible and thus considered by linguists as separate languages, but are not officially recognised. 6 of the Italian Constitution was drafted by the Founding Fathers to show sympathy for the countrys historical linguistic minorities, in a way for the newly founded Republic to let them become part of the national fabric and distance itself from the Italianization policies promoted earlier because of nationalism, especially during Fascism. Culture in Italy. Roman religion, also called Roman mythology, beliefs and practices of the inhabitants of the Italian peninsula from ancient times until the ascendancy of Christianity in the 4th century ad. English is not very widely spoken overall in Italy, although there is a reasonable prevalence of English speakers in larger cities like Rome, Florence and Milan. [15][16] This is not the case in Italy, as the country's long-standing linguistic diversity does not actually stem from Standard Italian. Dialect is more of a political designation than a linguistic category: Its used to show which languages a government/society chooses to empower and how. An interactive visualisation of language knowledge in Europe, based on the European Commission's latest and authoritative Eurobarometer survey data on languages in Europe, resulting from 27,000 interviews across 27 European countries in early 2012. It is the official language of Italy, San Marino, and (together with Latin) Vatican City. [22], Italian was first declared to be Italy's official language during the Fascist period, more specifically through the R.D.l., adopted on 15 October 1925, with the name of Sull'Obbligo della lingua italiana in tutti gli uffici giudiziari del Regno, salvo le eccezioni stabilite nei trattati internazionali per la citt di Fiume.[23]. Im finding it really enjoyable and its helping me to improve my Italian language skills. Google+ Facebook LinkedIn Twitter Instagram. note 1: percentages sum to more than 100% because many people are multilingual. Il plurilinguismo scolastico nelle comunit di minoranza della Repubblica Italiana", "Sentenza Corte costituzionale nr. The nations violent crime rates are low these days, and global safety rankings consistently place Italy higher than both England and the United States. Top languages by population Ethnologue (2022, . In contrast to the English process, the Italian process for entering search terms on Amazon Italy is very different. Click any language to explore how widely it is spoken in each country or click a country to explore which languages are most spoken within in. . As you might expect, most Italian speakers (around 58 million) live in Italy. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. () Finalmente nel 1999, vinte resistenze residue, anche lo Stato italiano si dotato di una legge che, non eccelsa, attua tuttavia quanto disponeva l'art. People speaking a foreign language in Italy 2007-2016. 482/1999 (Legge 15 Dicembre 1999, n. 482, Art. Some people have very strong opinions on these questions, but theres hardly a consensus. People will think youre fun and crazy, but they may also, in certain cases, take offense. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Tuttavia a livello politico, ufficiale, non cambia molto per la minoranza linguistica sarda, che, con circa 1,2 milioni di parlanti, la pi numerosa tra tutte le comunit alloglotte esistenti sul territorio italiano.. It's also the language of Machado de Assis, Bossa Nova, Mia Couto, Fernando Pessoa and Agualusa. The majority of these languages are Romance-based, meaning that they evolved from Vulgar Latin. About 35% of the population can speak English with varying degrees of fluency. 99% of Italians know and use it. Therefore, we tried to help ourselves through diet, sport, natural remedies and little gestures made out of love.More . Sign up to receive weekly email updates about what's new on The Healthy Journal! Like Latin or Greek at the time, English has become the world's common language. English is the most widely spoken foreign language in Italy. Roman religion In the fourteenth century, in fact, the great Tuscan writers used as literary language the language that many years later, with the unification of Italy, Italian society, from the Alps to Sicily, would decide to make its own. One common classification divides these languages into four groups: Any such classification runs into the basic problem that there is a dialect continuum throughout northern Italy, with a continuous transition of spoken dialects between e.g. Ligurian: "Grafa ofii" created by the Acadmia Ligstica do Brnno; Friulian: "Grafie uficil" created by the Osservatori Regjonl de Lenghe e de Culture Furlanis; Venetian: "Grafia Veneta Unitaria", the official manual published in 1995 by the Regione Veneto local government, although written in Italian. Portuguese - 97.9%. Italian has spread widely across the world as the language of Italian emigrants and is spoken in 23 more countries among which Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Egypt, Eritrea, Israel, Libya, Liechtenstein, Paraguay, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Uruguay, the USA. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. In fact, the famous author Dante Alighieri is often given credit for standardizing the language. What is the best part of Chattanooga to stay in? What are the top 3 languages spoken in Argentina? 9 External links. What is the most spoken language in Italy? The Italo-Dalmatian languages, including Neapolitan and Sicilian, as well as the Sardinian-influenced Sassarese and Gallurese which are sometimes grouped with Sardinian but are actually of. Milan, with its clear accent on standard Italian language pronunciation, is the city with the best accent on it today. As a result, the main vocabulary of I Promessi Sposi derives from the Tuscany region and Florence during the nineteenth century. After watching Enrico Brignanos video, let us know in the comments what you have understood and if you have recognised any dialects: which one do you like the most? 40 - bis). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Italian Language Classes in Noida could be a goal-oriented course and plenty of candidates seem to have an interest . This language is spoken by around 85 million people throughout the world and serves as one of the working languages of the Council of Europe. 3100 years old) Sofia. What Are The Top 3 Languages Spoken In Italy? 6 was followed by any of the above-mentioned appropriate measures. The region considers the cultural identity of the Sardinian people as a primary asset , in accordance with the values of equality and linguistic pluralism enshrined in the Italian Constitution and the European treaties, with particular reference to the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages and the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities . In the Trentino region, we have 3 unofficial languages, namely Ladin, Cimbrian and Mcheno, whereas in Veneto, both Italian and Venetian (unofficial) are the 2 languages most widely spoken. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. The indigenous Romance languages of Italy are therefore classified as separate languages that evolved from Latin just like Standard Italian, rather than "dialects" or variations of the latter. While Spanish is the dominant language in Argentina, there are many other languages spoken in Argentina. There are 52 letters in the Roman alphabet, which includes both upper and lower case letters, as well as ten numerals. Other non-indigenous languages are spoken by a substantial percentage of the population due to immigration. Italian is the official language of Italy, and 93% of population are native Italian speakers. These include Sicilian, Neapolitan, Sardinian, and more. In specific regions, such as Sardinia and Friuli Venezia Giulia, where some unique geographical and historical conditions, such as the isolation of islands or the settlement of populations of Germanic lineage, have contributed to the development of sister languages to Italian but are profoundly different. It has a multicultural population of over 60 million inhabitants, who speak a diverse range of languages from minority languages to regional dialects. As a popular international tourist destination, you may well find that in many restaurants, bars and hotels English is spoken. You May Like: What Code Language Should I Learn. Upper Southern (Abruzzo, northern Puglia, Molise, Campania, Basilicata). Only a few languages spoken in limited geographic areas enjoy any legal protection or recognition. According to UNESCO, both varieties are endangered, as Italian is becoming more prominent. The standard Italian spoken today, from a historical point of view, is a language based on the literary Florentine used in the 14th century, of which it still has much of the same grammar and lexicon. [18][19][20] Conversely, with the spread of Standard Italian throughout Italy in the 20th century, local varieties of Standard Italian have also developed throughout the peninsula, influenced to varying extents by the underlying local languages, most noticeably at the phonological level; though regional boundaries seldom correspond to isoglosses distinguishing these varieties, these variations of Standard Italian are commonly referred to as Regional Italian (italiano regionale). As you can see, there are several different languages of Italy and, if you are new to learning Italian, we recommend learning mainstream Italian as this can be understood by all Italians. 5.2 French. 3300 years old) Aramaic 1100 BC (circa. But as many as 64 million people in the European Union are native Italian speakers. More than four-fifths of the population declare themselves Roman Catholics, although the number of practicing Catholics is declining. There are not many Italian speakers of English who can speak it fluently outside of larger cities such as Rome, Florence, and Milan. Fun Fact: If two Italian people (one from Milan and one from Naples) speak with with they own dialect, they will not understand each other. Chi lo studia, chi lo parla e chi si nutre delle sue radici (anche italiane)", "Linguistic diversity among foreign citizens in Italy", "Stranieri residenti e condizioni di vita: Lingua madre", "Grafia Veneta ufficiale Lingua Veneta The modern international manual of the Venetian spelling", An interactive map of languages and dialects in Italy, Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Italy&oldid=1138337231, Articles with dead external links from February 2020, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Italian-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, considered an outlying dialect of Albanian by the UNESCO, sometimes considered a dialect of Bavarian, also considered an outlying dialect of Bavarian by the UNESCO, considered an outlying dialect of Bavarian by the UNESCO.
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